Glossary

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Gel shift

Also known as gel retardation. A method for detecting DNA-binding proteins by their altered electrophoretic mobility.

Gene

A sequence of nucleotides on the DNA that encodes for a specific protein.

Gene expression

The process by which a gene is transcribed into mRNA and then translated into protein.

Gene therapy

A method used to treat genetic disorders by the transformation of an affected individual with a wild-type copy of the defected gene.

Gene transfer

A technique where genes are transferred to another living organism using vector.

Genetic code

The sequence of nucleotide bases in the DNA, coded in triplets (codons), with each triplet corresponding to a specific amino acid in a protein.

Genetic engineering

The process of altering the genetic makeup of organisms by inserting new genetic information.

Genetically modified organism (GMO)

An organism which has been genetically engineered by the transformation of genetic material from one organism to another.

Genetics

The study of the patterns of inheritance of particular genes.

Genome

The total genetic information of an organism.

Genomic library

A set of overlapping DNA clones representing the entire genome of an organism.

Guanine

It is a purine base. One of the four nitrogenous base molecules present in nucleic acids; pairs with the base cytosine.

GUS gene

Gene from E. coli that encodes for ß-glucuronidase, used as reporter in plant transformation.